The Skin Microbiome: Understanding and Maintaining Balance for Optimal Skin Health

The skin microbiome, also known as the skin's microflora, refers to the diverse community of micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses that reside on the skin's surface. These microorganisms play a critical role in maintaining skin health by supporting the immune system, inhibiting the growth of pathogens, and maintaining strong barrier function. 

By understanding the structure of the skin, you can help create the right environment to nurture optimal skin health and function. 

What factors can disrupt the skin microbiome balance?

The balance of the skin microbiome can be influenced by various factors, both internal and external. Some common factors that can disrupt the balance include:

• Harsh skincare products or over-cleansing
• Hormonal fluctuations
• Environmental stressors, such as humidity, pollution and UV radiation
• Lifestyle factors, such as diet, stress, and sleep

When the skin microbiome is disrupted, it can lead to skin issues like dryness, sensitivity, inflammation, and even acne or eczema.

How can I maintain a balanced skin microbiome?

To maintain a healthy and balanced skin microbiome, focus on the terrain (outer layer of skin) and create the optimal environment for beneficial bacteria to thrive. 

1. Choose skincare products that respect the skin's natural pH and lipid barrier. Avoid harsh ingredients, such as sulfates, alcohol, and synthetic fragrances, which can strip the skin and disrupt the microbiome. Less is more, a higher percentage of an active ingredient doesn't necessarily mean it's more effective.

2. Avoid over-cleansing. Washing your face too frequently can remove beneficial microorganisms and natural oils, weakening the skin barrier.

3. Protect your skin from environmental stressors: Wear sunscreen daily to protect your skin from UV radiation, and consider using antioxidant-rich skincare products to help neutralise free radicals.

4. Skincare products that include prebiotics (complex sugars), feed the healthy bacteria on the skin and help to sustain and build healthy micro flora. Ingredients such as hyaluronic acid and saccharide isomerate are sugar-like molecules that helps the skins natural moisturising factor by creating a healthy environment for the skin to regenerate and heal.  Postbiotics found in fermented skincare ingredients provide beneficial enzymes and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, essential fatty acids) to the skin. 

5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A nutrient-rich diet, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep all contribute to overall skin health.

By understanding the factors that can protect your microbiome, you can take personalised steps to support your lifestyle and skin needs.